feat: minted keys, VRF seeds, RFC 9162 proofs, history roots, tag URIs and a transparency log

Keys (spec/02 §2.4), the rule paperstack settled on:
- A work key is a Scholar-style citation key, a hyphen and the first four
  Crockford base32 characters of SHA-256("scienting-key/1:" + identity),
  where the identity is the first of doi, arxiv, isbn, pmid, pmcid and
  openalex in same_as, else the folded title, year and family name. A
  collision lengthens the later key by two characters; a key is minted
  once and never recomputed. A document key adds .si, .v<seq> or .<type>
  for versions other than the version of record.
- Every fixture key is now minted (hale2026harmonic-damb,
  okafor2025solvent-acth, writer2027fixed-ynr7.v3, tiny2026tiny-j4qm), so
  every node and record ID was re-minted and the docs rewritten to match.
  The validator checks the document key against the work key and version
  (doc.key.work) and the hash part against the identifier (doc.key.suffix).
  vectors/keys.jsonl pins the cases paperstack's tests pin.

Review:
- Spot-check seeds are ECVRF-EDWARDS25519-SHA512-TAI proofs (RFC 9381),
  implemented in tools/oracle/vrf.py in plain Python and reproduced
  against the RFC's Example 16; the sample ranks by the VRF output. The
  earlier Ed25519 seed could be ground by a dishonest checker.
- RFC 9162 inclusion and consistency proofs (crypto.inclusion_path,
  verify_inclusion, consistency_proof, verify_consistency) with
  scienting-proof/1, vectors/proofs.jsonl and two fixture records.
- document.json carries `history`, the root over the corrections, with
  the empty-tree hash for none (spec/11 §11.5, rule doc.history).
- A provisional transparency log (spec/23): log entries, signed-note
  checkpoints with key hashes as transparency logs share them, the rule
  that a logged revocation beats a self-asserted time, and vectors.
- Reserved signature schemes cose and ml-dsa-65 (spec/08 §8.4).

Identifiers and text:
- urn:scienting: becomes tag:scient.ing,2026: (RFC 4151), since the URN
  namespace was never registered.
- Unicode 16.0 is pinned for normalization and categories (spec/01 §1.4);
  the checker refuses another version.

Checking:
- check.py: keys, proofs, VRF and checkpoint vectors; the proof and
  checkpoint records; a check that every ID and hash the prose quotes
  exists in the fixtures or vectors; three more broken packages
  (history-wrong, key-suffix, key-work).
- stress.py: key, VRF, proof and checkpoint properties.
- Docs: a keys section in the concepts and FAQ, rationale entries for
  keys, VRF, proofs, tag URIs and the Unicode pin, a "Looking ahead"
  section, media-type registration and OCI distribution notes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>

vectors/hashes.jsonl

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"doc":"tiny2026example","id":"tiny2026example","nodes":[{"id":"ayan7gn","kind":"document","ord":0,"parent":null},{"attrs":{"level":1},"id":"mzkksmc","kind":"section","label":"1","ord":0,"parent":"ayan7gn"},{"id":"gtjh3x4","kind":"heading","ord":0,"parent":"mzkksmc"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"Results"}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"fvafy61","kind":"sentence","ord":0,"parent":"gtjh3x4"},{"id":"gj83ag8","kind":"paragraph","ord":1,"parent":"mzkksmc"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"The value is 42.0 at 300 K."}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"v43b2r1","kind":"sentence","ord":0,"parent":"gj83ag8"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"See "},{"kind":"xref","target":"r12vgb0","text":"Table 1"},{"kind":"text","text":" and the note."},{"kind":"cite","refs":["w1dkdqd"],"text":"1"}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"jss11hp","kind":"sentence","ord":1,"parent":"gj83ag8"},{"id":"pevazrk","kind":"paragraph","ord":2,"parent":"mzkksmc"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"A second paragraph."}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"pd32xxr","kind":"sentence","ord":0,"parent":"pevazrk"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"It ends here."}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"whq15cf","kind":"sentence","ord":1,"parent":"pevazrk"},{"attrs":{"columns":[{"header_path":["qrvfgfb"],"id":"ssa3ng1"},{"header_path":["cjkdv61"],"id":"hrr9g38"}]},"id":"r12vgb0","kind":"table","label":"Table 1","ord":3,"parent":"mzkksmc"},{"id":"qsjm48k","kind":"table-head","ord":0,"parent":"r12vgb0"},{"id":"wttrzx4","kind":"row","ord":0,"parent":"qsjm48k"},{"attrs":{"colspan":1,"column":"ssa3ng1","role":"column-header","rowspan":1},"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"x"}],"fidelity":"F1","id":"qrvfgfb","kind":"cell","ord":0,"parent":"wttrzx4"},{"attrs":{"colspan":1,"column":"hrr9g38","role":"column-header","rowspan":1},"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"y"}],"fidelity":"F1","id":"cjkdv61","kind":"cell","ord":1,"parent":"wttrzx4"},{"id":"ep5mjrt","kind":"table-body","ord":1,"parent":"r12vgb0"},{"attrs":{"header_path":["tn1vrf0"]},"id":"aqxkkpz","kind":"row","ord":0,"parent":"ep5mjrt"},{"attrs":{"colspan":1,"column":"ssa3ng1","role":"row-header","rowspan":1},"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"1"}],"fidelity":"F1","id":"tn1vrf0","kind":"cell","ord":0,"parent":"aqxkkpz"},{"attrs":{"colspan":1,"column":"hrr9g38","role":"data","rowspan":1},"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"2.5"}],"fidelity":"F1","id":"k69qp1x","kind":"cell","ord":1,"parent":"aqxkkpz"},{"id":"bx2ttrv","kind":"back","ord":1,"parent":"ayan7gn"},{"id":"c6t4qr5","kind":"references","ord":0,"parent":"bx2ttrv"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"1. An Example, 2020."}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"w1dkdqd","kind":"reference","label":"1","ord":0,"parent":"c6t4qr5"}],"own_content":{"aqxkkpz":{"kind":"row"},"ayan7gn":{"kind":"document"},"bx2ttrv":{"kind":"back"},"c6t4qr5":{"kind":"references"},"cjkdv61":{"colspan":1,"column":"hrr9g38","kind":"cell","role":"column-header","rowspan":1,"runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"y"}]},"ep5mjrt":{"kind":"table-body"},"fvafy61":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"Results"}]},"gj83ag8":{"kind":"paragraph"},"gtjh3x4":{"kind":"heading"},"jss11hp":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"See "},{"kind":"xref","target":"r12vgb0","text":"Table 1"},{"kind":"text","text":" and the note."},{"kind":"cite","refs":["w1dkdqd"],"text":"1"}]},"k69qp1x":{"colspan":1,"column":"hrr9g38","kind":"cell","role":"data","rowspan":1,"runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"2.5"}]},"mzkksmc":{"heading":"219c4a6c86a716e99d5dc9611b61e584deb11b57e972d87d4b773387ebc3cadd","kind":"section","label":"1","level":1},"pd32xxr":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"A second paragraph."}]},"pevazrk":{"kind":"paragraph"},"qrvfgfb":{"colspan":1,"column":"ssa3ng1","kind":"cell","role":"column-header","rowspan":1,"runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"x"}]},"qsjm48k":{"kind":"table-head"},"r12vgb0":{"columns":[{"header_path":["qrvfgfb"],"id":"ssa3ng1"},{"header_path":["cjkdv61"],"id":"hrr9g38"}],"kind":"table","label":"Table 1"},"tn1vrf0":{"colspan":1,"column":"ssa3ng1","kind":"cell","role":"row-header","rowspan":1,"runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"1"}]},"v43b2r1":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"The value is 42.0 at 300 K."}]},"w1dkdqd":{"kind":"reference","label":"1","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"1. An Example, 2020."}]},"whq15cf":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"It ends here."}]},"wttrzx4":{"kind":"row"}},"values":{"aqxkkpz":{"align_key":"b902cc4550838229a710bfec4c38cbc7eb11082367a409df9135e7f007a96bda","match_hash":"24cb52bc2dd0b9ddd4650c011d76b585e76c4d4ecae8cf220c7600efb808d738","node_hash":"cbf7f0e28878839fc67164f984f355aa17940b0b5bcdac84fa0acf02088c51c5","own_hash":"6c7c11bf1b6260162c4141f1468aa6869f5c33359900497e2cdb1a051488bd62","text_hash":"24cb52bc2dd0b9ddd4650c011d76b585e76c4d4ecae8cf220c7600efb808d738"},"ayan7gn":{"align_key":"b3108c22ec836d883e5116f7ed8546fa75390eb4aa960d78f2936115f69b6826","match_hash":"b6a4e12f700a6214bf02c9a437559e82fccdbecea7b575fa438a7d2e8c33071a","node_hash":"5bca682ef032725a940cf67Line truncated
+{"doc":"tiny2026tiny-j4qm","id":"tiny2026example","nodes":[{"id":"s0fn2fj","kind":"document","ord":0,"parent":null},{"attrs":{"level":1},"id":"b9wp3tt","kind":"section","label":"1","ord":0,"parent":"s0fn2fj"},{"id":"vet7k0e","kind":"heading","ord":0,"parent":"b9wp3tt"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"Results"}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"em5pd9v","kind":"sentence","ord":0,"parent":"vet7k0e"},{"id":"ytp1e5n","kind":"paragraph","ord":1,"parent":"b9wp3tt"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"The value is 42.0 at 300 K."}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"jvnys4s","kind":"sentence","ord":0,"parent":"ytp1e5n"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"See "},{"kind":"xref","target":"tb49qpc","text":"Table 1"},{"kind":"text","text":" and the note."},{"kind":"cite","refs":["r3e21zr"],"text":"1"}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"mzwwhxj","kind":"sentence","ord":1,"parent":"ytp1e5n"},{"id":"exq1ter","kind":"paragraph","ord":2,"parent":"b9wp3tt"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"A second paragraph."}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"j663d4h","kind":"sentence","ord":0,"parent":"exq1ter"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"It ends here."}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"rsw24qc","kind":"sentence","ord":1,"parent":"exq1ter"},{"attrs":{"columns":[{"header_path":["af5b51r"],"id":"pj5sk05"},{"header_path":["ajqxkgh"],"id":"nymcs5q"}]},"id":"tb49qpc","kind":"table","label":"Table 1","ord":3,"parent":"b9wp3tt"},{"id":"t2ps2mp","kind":"table-head","ord":0,"parent":"tb49qpc"},{"id":"rr9rtf5","kind":"row","ord":0,"parent":"t2ps2mp"},{"attrs":{"colspan":1,"column":"pj5sk05","role":"column-header","rowspan":1},"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"x"}],"fidelity":"F1","id":"af5b51r","kind":"cell","ord":0,"parent":"rr9rtf5"},{"attrs":{"colspan":1,"column":"nymcs5q","role":"column-header","rowspan":1},"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"y"}],"fidelity":"F1","id":"ajqxkgh","kind":"cell","ord":1,"parent":"rr9rtf5"},{"id":"dmsstkg","kind":"table-body","ord":1,"parent":"tb49qpc"},{"attrs":{"header_path":["rdrqkv7"]},"id":"r3e7hfs","kind":"row","ord":0,"parent":"dmsstkg"},{"attrs":{"colspan":1,"column":"pj5sk05","role":"row-header","rowspan":1},"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"1"}],"fidelity":"F1","id":"rdrqkv7","kind":"cell","ord":0,"parent":"r3e7hfs"},{"attrs":{"colspan":1,"column":"nymcs5q","role":"data","rowspan":1},"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"2.5"}],"fidelity":"F1","id":"f463wj7","kind":"cell","ord":1,"parent":"r3e7hfs"},{"id":"aw97y35","kind":"back","ord":1,"parent":"s0fn2fj"},{"id":"yd513mw","kind":"references","ord":0,"parent":"aw97y35"},{"content":[{"kind":"text","text":"1. An Example, 2020."}],"fidelity":"F2","id":"r3e21zr","kind":"reference","label":"1","ord":0,"parent":"yd513mw"}],"own_content":{"af5b51r":{"colspan":1,"column":"pj5sk05","kind":"cell","role":"column-header","rowspan":1,"runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"x"}]},"ajqxkgh":{"colspan":1,"column":"nymcs5q","kind":"cell","role":"column-header","rowspan":1,"runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"y"}]},"aw97y35":{"kind":"back"},"b9wp3tt":{"heading":"219c4a6c86a716e99d5dc9611b61e584deb11b57e972d87d4b773387ebc3cadd","kind":"section","label":"1","level":1},"dmsstkg":{"kind":"table-body"},"em5pd9v":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"Results"}]},"exq1ter":{"kind":"paragraph"},"f463wj7":{"colspan":1,"column":"nymcs5q","kind":"cell","role":"data","rowspan":1,"runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"2.5"}]},"j663d4h":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"A second paragraph."}]},"jvnys4s":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"The value is 42.0 at 300 K."}]},"mzwwhxj":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"See "},{"kind":"xref","target":"tb49qpc","text":"Table 1"},{"kind":"text","text":" and the note."},{"kind":"cite","refs":["r3e21zr"],"text":"1"}]},"r3e21zr":{"kind":"reference","label":"1","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"1. An Example, 2020."}]},"r3e7hfs":{"kind":"row"},"rdrqkv7":{"colspan":1,"column":"pj5sk05","kind":"cell","role":"row-header","rowspan":1,"runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"1"}]},"rr9rtf5":{"kind":"row"},"rsw24qc":{"kind":"sentence","runs":[{"kind":"text","text":"It ends here."}]},"s0fn2fj":{"kind":"document"},"t2ps2mp":{"kind":"table-head"},"tb49qpc":{"columns":[{"header_path":["af5b51r"],"id":"pj5sk05"},{"header_path":["ajqxkgh"],"id":"nymcs5q"}],"kind":"table","label":"Table 1"},"vet7k0e":{"kind":"heading"},"yd513mw":{"kind":"references"},"ytp1e5n":{"kind":"paragraph"}},"values":{"af5b51r":{"align_key":"2d711642b726b04401627ca9fbac32f5c8530fb1903cc4db02258717921a4881","match_hash":"2d711642b726b04401627ca9fbac32f5c8530fb1903cc4db02258717921a4881","node_hash":"59d1c20766a77bacde2aae80a134c7156fbcc708c140a3bb2d2a67f78bd9c6f5","own_hash":"c68933b07bc7c5b806892ae36b3e4c3205a0a2066fd6f8255578f7d1ca86dc10","text_hash":"2d711642b726b04401627ca9fbac32f5c8530fb1903cc4db02258717921a4881"},"ajqxkgh":{"align_key":"a1fce4363854ff888cff4b8e7875d600c2682390412a8cf79b37d0b11148b0fa","match_hash":"a1fce4363854ff888cff4b8e7875d600c2682390412a8cf79b37d0b11148b0fa","node_hash":"838e3fba38f0797d40522Line truncated