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feat: ML-DSA-65, did:key, named hash algorithm, model provenance, log tiles and witnesses

- hashing.algorithm names the hash function in every document; a consumer refuses one it does not implement (doc.hash.algorithm)
- ML-DSA-65 (FIPS 204) is an implemented signature scheme: pure-Python reference in tools/oracle/mldsa.py checked against NIST ACVP vectors, a receipt signed by the new roster key dana, and signature vectors for key generation and a deterministic signature
- roster keys may carry a did:key, which the validator checks against the public key (doc.roster.did), and a witness purpose for parties that cosign log checkpoints
- model provenance: a correction's author and an annotation's generator name the model with provider, version and the hashes of its weights, prompt and parameters, and where it ran
- the transparency log gains the tlog-tiles static layout (fixtures/records/log/), a project settings.log with origin, witnesses and threshold, and an acceptance rule; the fixture checkpoint is cosigned by a witness
- store.sql: roster_keys accepts cose and ml-dsa-65 and gains a did column
- spec chapters 01, 08, 11, 18, 20 and 23, the rationale, glossary, fixture, vector and tool guides updated; stress harness covers ML-DSA

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>

2026-10-15 04:39:12 -04:00

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18. Layers and annotations

Everything people and models add to a document is an annotation, and annotations are grouped in layers. scienting-layer/1 is the W3C Web Annotation Data Model with the anchor as a selector, so any Web Annotation tool can read it. The JSON-LD context is context/scienting-1.jsonld, published at https://paperspec.scient.ing/context/scienting-1.jsonld.

18.1 One rule decides what is a claim and what is a layer

If a statement is true independently of this paper, it belongs in a claim store as a claim, where it is checked and leveled. If it is about reading this paper, it belongs in a layer, where it is attributed and signed but not checked.

18.2 The layer

A layer is a folder with layer.json and annotations.jsonl. layer.json is an AnnotationCollection with the two contexts, format, an id of the form tag:scient.ing,2026:layer:<store>/<record id>, a label, a purpose, an audience (novice, student, expert or mixed), a visibility (private, team or public), a license (CC BY 4.0 by default when public), its creator, created, its project, the docs it annotates and its total. A reader turns layers on and off, and the audience dial picks the level of glosses.

18.3 The annotation

Each line of annotations.jsonl is a W3C Annotation:

Property	Holds
`@context`	`["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", "https://paperspec.scient.ing/context/scienting-1.jsonld"]`.
`id`	`tag:scient.ing,2026:annotation:<store>/<record id>` (4.6).
`type`, `layer`	`Annotation`, and the layer's ID.
`motivation`	A W3C motivation: `commenting`, `describing`, `linking`, `questioning`, `assessing`, `replying` and the others.
`creator`, `created`, `modified`	An agent `{id, type, name}`, with `type` `Person` or `Software`, and times.
`body`	One body (18.4).
`target`	A `SpecificResource` whose `source` is `tag:scient.ing,2026:doc:<store>/<key>` and whose `selector` lists an `AnchorSelector` holding a `scienting-anchor/1`, optionally followed by a W3C `TextQuoteSelector` for tools that do not know ours; or, for a reply, a `SpecificResource` whose source is another annotation.
`status`	`proposed`, `confirmed`, `rejected` or `withdrawn`. A model's annotation is `proposed` until a person confirms it.
`receipt`	For a confirmed annotation, the receipt that covers it.

The TextQuoteSelector, when present, repeats the anchor quote's exact, prefix and suffix, with an empty string for a prefix or suffix the quote lacks. It is present only when the anchor's quote is plain text; an anchor whose quote is hashed or keyed (6.3) has none, so the fallback never shows text the anchor withholds.

An annotation's content hash is SHA-256 of the canonical JSON of the annotation without status, receipt and modified. A confirmed annotation is covered by its confirmer's receipt, which lists ["annotation", <record id>, <content hash>]. Replies are annotations that target annotations, so discussions are threads anchored to sentences.

18.4 Bodies

`kind`	W3C type	Adds	Says
`gloss`	`TextualBody`	`audience`	An explanation at `novice`, `student` or `expert` level.
`claim-link`	`SpecificResource`	`source` (`lode:<tag>`), `pin`, `role`	That the span `states`, `uses` or `disputes` a claim.
`symbol`	`SpecificResource`	`source`, `pin`, `symbol`	That this occurrence of a symbol is a symbol claim.
`comment`	`TextualBody`		A remark, opinion or interpretation.
`caveat`	`TextualBody`		A warning a reader should see.
`question`	`TextualBody`	`for`	A question for a `reader`, a `group` or the `authors`.
`exercise`	`TextualBody`	`exercise`	A task with a key and a rule (19).
`citation-context`	`TextualBody`	`reference`, `verdict`, `reason`	Why a sentence cites a reference, and whether it supports it.
`prerequisite`	`SpecificResource`	`source`	What to read or know first.
`crosslink`	`SpecificResource`	`source`, `selector`	That the span corresponds to a span in another document.
`translation`	`TextualBody`	`language`	The span in another language.
`description`	`TextualBody`	`role`	A description of a figure, panel or table for readers who cannot see it: `alt`, a short text equivalent, or `long`, a full description.
`generated`	`TextualBody`	`generator`	Text a model wrote about the span; never mistaken for source. `generator` is `{model, run}` as a correction's model author is (11.2).

A textual body has a value, and optionally a format (text/plain or text/markdown) and a language. Nothing a model writes is ever stored as source text. A model may propose a description, and like any annotation it stays proposed until a person confirms it; an accessible export uses confirmed descriptions only, and a figure with none has no description. Other text a model writes about a span, such as a summary, is a generated annotation, which names its generator. fixtures/records/layer/ holds a layer with one annotation of each common kind and the receipt that confirms some of them.

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