feat: comment categories; emend, relink and resolve corrections

scienting-layer/1: an optional, fixed category on comment, caveat and
question bodies (comment, context, critique, question, correction,
feedback, resource).

Corrections: emend fixes the authors' own slip and keeps what was printed
(a run's printed), never lowering fidelity or a witness match; relink sets
or removes what a citation names; resolve sets a reference's resolution.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_017R7sgDNvUGWY2zFPCq2JH6

schemas/annotation.schema.json

@@ -3,6 +3,20 @@
   "$id": "https://paperspec.scient.ing/schemas/annotation.schema.json",
   "title": "Annotation",
   "description": "One line of annotations.jsonl in scienting-layer/1: a W3C Web Annotation; spec/18-layers.md.",
+  "$defs": {
+    "category": {
+      "description": "What a comment, caveat or question is about (spec/18 §18.4).",
+      "enum": [
+        "comment",
+        "context",
+        "critique",
+        "question",
+        "correction",
+        "feedback",
+        "resource"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
   "type": "object",
   "properties": {
     "@context": {
@@ -173,6 +187,9 @@
             },
             "kind": {
               "const": "comment"
+            },
+            "category": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/category"
             }
           },
           "required": [
@@ -203,6 +220,9 @@
             },
             "kind": {
               "const": "caveat"
+            },
+            "category": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/category"
             }
           },
           "required": [
@@ -240,6 +260,9 @@
                 "group",
                 "authors"
               ]
+            },
+            "category": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/category"
             }
           },
           "required": [

schemas/correction.schema.json

@@ -3,6 +3,18 @@
   "$id": "https://paperspec.scient.ing/schemas/correction.schema.json",
   "title": "Correction",
   "description": "scienting-correction/1: a line of corrections.jsonl, or a proposal; spec/11-corrections.md.",
+  "$defs": {
+    "emendKind": {
+      "enum": [
+        "typo",
+        "spelling",
+        "grammar",
+        "punctuation",
+        "wording",
+        "other"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
   "type": "object",
   "properties": {
     "format": {
@@ -25,7 +37,10 @@
         "move",
         "reclassify",
         "relabel",
-        "set"
+        "set",
+        "emend",
+        "relink",
+        "resolve"
       ]
     },
     "target": {
@@ -71,7 +86,38 @@
       "type": "string"
     },
     "kind": {
-      "$ref": "common.schema.json#/$defs/nodeKind"
+      "description": "A reclassify's new node kind, or what an emend corrects.",
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "$ref": "common.schema.json#/$defs/nodeKind"
+        },
+        {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/emendKind"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "note": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "minLength": 1
+    },
+    "refs": {
+      "description": "A relink's references: reference node IDs, or null to unlink.",
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": {
+            "$ref": "common.schema.json#/$defs/nodeId"
+          },
+          "minItems": 1,
+          "uniqueItems": true
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "null"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "resolution": {
+      "$ref": "reference.schema.json#/properties/resolution"
     },
     "label": {
       "anyOf": [
@@ -287,12 +333,74 @@
         }
       },
       "then": {
+        "properties": {
+          "kind": {
+            "$ref": "common.schema.json#/$defs/nodeKind"
+          }
+        },
         "required": [
           "target",
           "kind"
         ]
       }
     },
+    {
+      "if": {
+        "properties": {
+          "op": {
+            "const": "emend"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "then": {
+        "properties": {
+          "replace": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "minLength": 1
+          },
+          "kind": {
+            "$ref": "#/$defs/emendKind"
+          }
+        },
+        "required": [
+          "target",
+          "find",
+          "replace",
+          "kind"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "if": {
+        "properties": {
+          "op": {
+            "const": "relink"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "then": {
+        "required": [
+          "target",
+          "run",
+          "refs"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "if": {
+        "properties": {
+          "op": {
+            "const": "resolve"
+          }
+        }
+      },
+      "then": {
+        "required": [
+          "target",
+          "resolution"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     {
       "if": {
         "properties": {

schemas/runs.schema.json

@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@
   "$id": "https://paperspec.scient.ing/schemas/runs.schema.json",
   "title": "Inline runs",
   "description": "The runs of a sentence, cell, reference, authors or keywords node; spec/03-nodes.md.",
+  "$defs": {
+    "printed": {
+      "description": "The run's text as the paper prints it, kept by an emend correction (spec/03 §3.5, spec/11 §11.1).",
+      "type": "string",
+      "minLength": 1
+    }
+  },
   "type": "array",
   "minItems": 1,
   "items": {
@@ -31,6 +38,9 @@
             },
             "minItems": 1,
             "uniqueItems": true
+          },
+          "printed": {
+            "$ref": "#/$defs/printed"
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -79,6 +89,9 @@
           "text": {
             "type": "string",
             "minLength": 1
+          },
+          "printed": {
+            "$ref": "#/$defs/printed"
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -110,6 +123,9 @@
           "text": {
             "type": "string",
             "minLength": 1
+          },
+          "printed": {
+            "$ref": "#/$defs/printed"
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -138,6 +154,9 @@
           "text": {
             "type": "string",
             "minLength": 1
+          },
+          "printed": {
+            "$ref": "#/$defs/printed"
           }
         },
         "required": [
@@ -159,6 +178,9 @@
           "text": {
             "type": "string",
             "minLength": 1
+          },
+          "printed": {
+            "$ref": "#/$defs/printed"
           }
         },
         "required": [